![Leafminer damage on french beans (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1024.400x400_3.jpeg)
![Leafminer damage on french beans (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1024.400x400_4.jpeg)
![Mines cause by maggots, and a pupa of leafminer flies (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/913.400x400_7.jpeg)
![Damage by leafminer maggot on pea leaves (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1333.400x400.jpeg)
![Leaf of okra seedling showing attack by leafmining flies. Note pupa on leaf. (c) A.M.Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1649.400x400.jpeg)
![Leafmining flies on okra leaf. Pupa outside mine and larva in mine. (c) A.M.Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1650.400x400.jpeg)
![Mines caused by maggots of leafmining flies on an okra leaf. Note maggots at the wide end of the mines. (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1652.400x400.jpeg)
![Punctures caused by leafmining flies feeding and laying eggs on a leaf of an okra seedling. (c) A.M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1653.400x400.jpeg)
![Okra leaf showing heavy attack by leafmining flies. (c) A.M.Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1654.400x400.jpeg)
![Leafmining flies damage on tomato leaf. Note maggot ready to pupate (yellow) and pupa (brown). A. M. Varela, icipe.jpg (c) A. M. Varela, icipe](/sites/default/files/1729.400x400_2.jpeg)
![Leafminer adults (Liriomyza trifolii) are flies, they are very small, about 1 mm body length. (c) Georg Goergen (Courtesy of Ecoport, www.ecoport.org)](/sites/default/files/582.400x400_2.jpeg)
![Legless maggot of the leafmining fly (Liriomyza brassica) with no separate head capsule, transparent when newly hatched but colouring up to a yellow orange in later instars, up to 3-4 mm long. (c) Jerry A. Payne, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org](/sites/default/files/1285.400x400.jpeg)
![Leafminer (Liriomyza sativae) pupa within tunnel of onion. They are oval, slightly flattened and about 1 - 2 mm long. (c) Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Insect Images (www.insectimages.org)](/sites/default/files/581.400x400.jpeg)
![Leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) symptoms on onion (c) Ooi P. (Courtesy of EcoPort, www.ecoport.org)](/sites/default/files/687.400x400_2.jpeg)
Ana's notes: It is important to differentiate leafmining flies and leafmining caterpillars, since the management of the two groups of pests is different. The leafminers attacking coffee, cotton, groundnut, soybean and citrus are caterpillars, not leafmining flies. Some work was done on neem for control of leafminers on tomatoes some years back, but it was not published. I am looking for it; it should be added when available.
Information on synthetic pesticide use
Leafminers are difficult to control with chemicals due to their feeding habit and to their enormous capacity for developing resistance to insecticides. In addition, the use of chemicals to control leafminers disrupts natural biological control.
Notes for Review
mh 22.7.09 maybe we should include the valuable info on synhtetic pesticides somewhere in the text. its good to know this kind of information, when it is the case.. 'Leafminers are difficult to control with chemicals due to their feeding habit and to their enormous capacity for developing resistance to insecticides. In addition, the use of chemicals to control leafminers disrupts natural biological control. ' Pls compare pestmodules content.
Liriomyza spp.